Get to Know About Electrical Circuits, Their Functions, Types and Formulas

Electrical circuits are one of the basic things that need to be known in the world of electronics and electricity. This circuit is used to direct the flow of electricity from a power source to various electronic devices in an electrical system.

We will review some important things related to electrical circuits. Let's take a look!

Definition of Electrical Circuit

An electrical circuit is a series of electrical components connected together to form a certain path such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, and various other components.

When these components are properly connected, electricity can flow in the desired way, driving electronic devices and performing the desired functions.

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Electrical Circuit Function

Electrical circuits have several important functions, including:

• Electricity flow control

Electrical circuits are used to control the flow of electricity and ensure that the electric current follows the desired path.

• Signal processing

Electrical circuits are often used to process signals, whether in the form of voice (audio) or other communication signals.

• Voltage and current regulation

Electrical circuits can be used to regulate voltage and current according to the needs of the connected device.

• Digital logic

Digital electrical circuits are used in various computerized electrical applications, including systems in mobile devices.

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Types of Electrical Circuits

There are various types of electrical circuits, including:

• Series circuit

In a series circuit, the components are connected in order. Electric current flows through each component in this order. This circuit has no branching which means that the electric current only flows on one path. Series circuits have the same amount of electric current (I), with a different voltage (V) at each resistance (R).

• Parallel circuit

In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in parallel and branched, different from the series circuit which is installed sequentially. In a parallel circuit, the electric current (I) flowing in each component / barrier (R) is different, while the voltage (V) is the same.

• Mixed circuit

In simple terms, this circuit is a combination of series and parallel electrical circuits whose use can be adjusted as needed.

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Electrical Circuit Formula

1. Series Electrical Circuit Formula

In a series electrical circuit, generally, the value of the electric current flowing has a similar portion. In other words, the amount of current entering the circuit is equal to the amount of current leaving the circuit.

2. Parallel Electrical Circuit Formula

Different from the series circuit, the strength of the electric current in this circuit will vary. This is especially true in each branch through which it passes. In a nutshell, each branch in the circuit will have a value that is inversely proportional to its current magnitude.

3. Mixed Electrical Circuit Formula

The formulas for mixed electrical circuits apply the principles that apply in series and parallel circuits.

Having an understanding of these definitions, functions, types, and formulas, you can design, understand, and create or repair various electrical circuits in a variety of electronics and electrical applications.

Key Components in Electrical Circuits

Electrical circuit components are parts that work together to enable the flow of electricity in a circuit. Here are some of the main components in an electrical circuit:

• Voltage Source: This is the component that provides electrical energy to the circuit. Examples include batteries, batteries, or power sources from the grid (PLN). Voltage sources provide a potential difference that promotes the flow of electric current.
• Conducting Cable: The cable serves as a medium for conducting electricity from one component to another in the circuit. These cables are generally made of conductor materials such as copper or aluminium, which have low resistance.
• Resistor: A component that serves to limit the flow of electric current and lower the voltage in the circuit. Resistors convert electrical energy into heat energy.
• Capacitor: A component that stores energy in the form of an electric field and can be used to regulate the flow of electric current for a short period of time or to filter signals.
• Inductor: Store energy in the form of magnetic fields when current flows through them, and are often used in circuits to regulate current.
• Switch: A switch is used to interrupt or connect the flow of electric current in a circuit. When the switch is in the ‘ON’ position, current can flow, and when it is in the ‘OFF’ position, current flow is interrupted.
• Diode: A component that allows current to flow in only one direction, and prevents reverse current.
• Transistor: A semiconductor component used to amplify signals or as a switch in electronic circuits.

Each of these components has a specific function and plays an important role in maintaining the performance and stability of electrical circuits.

Electrical circuits are an essential element in the world of modern technology and electronics. Learning the basics is an important first step in understanding and working with various electronic devices. Hopefully, this article has helped you understand the basic concepts about electrical circuits.