What is an Electrical Panel, Its Functions, Types, and Components

Electrical panel is one of the important components in the electrical system used to regulate the distribution of electrical energy. The main function of the electrical panel is as a control and safety center for the flow of electricity from an electrical power source to a load or electronic device.

The existence of electrical panels is very important especially in the installation of buildings, factories, and commercial buildings to ensure the flow of electricity runs safely and efficiently. Electrical panels are designed to house various electrical devices or components that help in distributing electricity evenly.

A properly installed electrical panel can cause various electronic devices and machines to function optimally without the risk of overload or damage due to electrical interference.

Function of Electrical Panel

The following are some of the functions of the electrical panel:

1. Organize electricity distribution

An electrical panel serves to organize and distribute electricity from a power source to various points in a building. This panel divides the flow of electricity into various circuits so as to ensure that each device receives an adequate and appropriate electricity supply.

2. Protection from overload

One of the main functions of an electrical panel is as a safety system that protects the system from the risk of overload and voltage spikes. Voltage spikes have the potential to damage electronic devices, thus the electrical panel functions as an automatic power cut-off to prevent further damage.

3. Centralized control

Electrical panels allow users to control the entire electrical system from one central point. This makes it easier to monitor and repair if there is a problem in the electrical system in the building.

4. Fire protection

Electrical panels are equipped with safety devices that can prevent the risk of fire due to electrical faults, such as short circuits. The risk of further damage can be minimized by automatically cutting off electricity when a fault occurs.

Electrical Panel Components

Electrical panels consist of various components, each of which has an important role. Here are some of the main components that are usually found in electrical panels.

1. Circuit breaker

Circuit breakers are devices that function to cut off the flow of electricity in the event of a disturbance, such as overload, voltage spikes and also short circuits. Circuit breakers are the main safety component in electrical panels.

2. Busbar

Busbars are rod or ribbon-shaped conductors that serve to distribute electricity to various circuits. Busbars help ensure a steady and safe flow of electricity to all parts of the installation.

3. Contactor

This component functions as an automatic switch that controls the flow of electricity in a particular circuit. Contactors are usually used in circuits that require large power, such as electric motors and pumps.

4. Relay

Relays are automatic switches that function to control the flow of electricity based on commands from a control system. This component is often used in industrial automation applications.

5. Metering devices

Measuring devices such as voltmeters and ammeters are often used in electrical panels to monitor the voltage and current flowing in an electrical circuit.

6. Emergency stop

Emergency stop is an important component used to shut down the system quickly in an emergency. This button is usually installed in an easily accessible place and serves to stop all electricity flow in the panel in the event of a dangerous situation, such as system failure or other emergency conditions.

Emergency stops are essential for maintaining worker safety and protecting equipment from further damage.

Types of Electrical Panels

There are various types of electrical panels that are commonly used, depending on the needs and installation environment. Some types of electrical panels that are commonly used are:

• LVMDP panel (low voltage main distribution panel)

This panel is used as a low voltage distribution center in electrical installations. LVMDP panels are often used in large buildings and factories.

• MVMDP panel (medium voltage main distribution panel)

The MVMDP panel is the main distribution panel for medium voltage (approximately 20 kV). The function of this panel is to receive energy from medium voltage sources and distribute it to various sub-systems.

• MCC panel (motor control center)

This panel serves to control several electric motors in one system. MCC panels are generally used in industries that require centralized motor control.

• Panel capacitor bank

This one panel is used to improve the power factor (PF) in the electrical system, so that the efficiency of power distribution can be improved.

• Distribution panel

Distribution panels are used to safely and efficiently distribute electrical power to various parts of a building or machine.

Electrical panels are important components used to regulate and protect electrical systems in buildings or industries. We know that with its various functions, the electrical panel ensures the safety and efficiency of electricity flow. The various components in the electrical panel also work to ensure the smooth distribution of electricity.

To ensure optimal electrical panel performance, choosing the right cable is also very important. Wilson Cables provides various types of high-quality cables specifically designed for electrical installations, including cables for electrical panels. Contact our customer service to find the best cable choice for your electrical installation needs.