Electrical power cables transmits electrical energy in two ways, namely by being buried underground or placed on utility poles. This cable transmits and distributes power to meet our daily electricity needs. The following is a complete explanation of the electric power cable that you need to know.

Electrical Power Cable and its Components

Definition of Electrical Power Cable

Electrical power cables have the function of transmitting and distributing electrical energy. Electrical power cables usually consist of two or more conductors connected in a single layer of protective sheath, and can be permanently installed in buildings, buried underground, or supported using tall poles.

Electrical Power Cable Construction

Generally, an electric power cable consists of three main components, namely a conductor that functions as a conductor of electric current, a dielectric to withstand voltage or isolate the conductor, and a safety sheath that prevents the entry of moisture and protects the cable from external damages.

1. Conductor

Due to its high electrical conductivity, cable conductors are generally made of copper or aluminum. One cable usually consists of two or more conductors to carry electric charges so that they can move easily from one atom to another.

2. Dielectric

Some of the most widely used materials for making dielectrics include paper, butyl rubber, PVC, PE, and other insulating materials. The following are important properties that must be possessed by a dielectric.

• Has a high insulation resistance to withstand electric current from leaking.
• Has good mechanical strength.
• Capable of operating at high temperatures.
• For cables planted in moist soil, a synthetic dielectric must be used.

3. Inner Sheath

The inner sheath is usually made of a tin alloy which is non-magnetic and has a function to withstand internal pressure and to protect the cable from humid temperatures. However, there are also some inner sheaths made of aluminum because they are cheaper, lighter, and better mechanical strength.

4. Armor

Inner casings that are placed directly on the ground will be easily damaged by corrosion and electrolytes. Therefore, in order to protect the cable, manufacturer adds a layer of armor made of galvanized steel or two layers of metal which serves to prevent damages. In addition, a layer of armor is usually also widely used for cables that are planted underground as an additional protection to prevent unwanted insulation failure.

5. Outer Sheath

Just as the name suggests, the outer sheath is the outermost layer of the cable made using a thermosetting material or thermoplastic. It protects cables from various kinds of damage caused by humidity, corrosion, dust and other outdoor elements.

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